精东传媒

How do you know if your child is ready for school?

It is a question that has been on every parent鈥檚 mind at some point, and a question that Dr Lyn Cronin has heard countless times during her career as a primary teacher and now researcher.

However, the answer is not so simple. With a child in New South Wales able to start kindergarten anywhere from the ages of four and a half to six, there is a huge spectrum when it comes to what defines school readiness.

鈥淭here are no rules around it, it鈥檚 a very individual question,鈥� says Dr Cronin, a lecturer in the School of Education at the 精东传媒 of 精东传媒. 鈥淧arents often think it鈥檚 age related, but that鈥檚 not necessarily the case.鈥�

Dr Lyn Cronin. Photo: Paul Jones

Since Dr Cronin began teaching more than 20 years ago, our approach to has undergone a transformation. Traditionally discussions about school readiness focused on particular qualities of the child, often related to age. There is now much more understanding of just how big a leap it is for children to move from pre-school to primary school, and the role teachers, schools, and parents can play in making that transition as seamless as possible.

It is now much more about a child鈥檚 emotional and social development, than it is about their academic ability and their age. When children feel 鈥渟uitable, relaxed, well-adjusted in kindergarten they are much more likely than children who do not to experience a successful start and continue that success beyond kindergarten鈥�.

In the 1990s academics realised that 鈥渟chool readiness鈥� had more to do with how comfortable students felt in their new environment than with whether they had a certain level of literacy and numeracy skills.

A  emphasises the importance of schools, services and communities supporting children and families to experience a positive transition from home or pre-school to school. This takes the onus off the child to be 鈥榬eady鈥�.

Dr Cronin has experienced this firsthand. As a primary school teacher, she came to realise how important it is to take a holistic view of a child, to focus on their relationships, their environment, their social abilities and emotional state, in addition to their learning disposition and literacy and numeracy skills.

She explored this in depth in her PhD, which examined children鈥檚 experience of literacy as they moved into the school environment and what opportunities provided for children helped them to have a successful start to school.

鈥淲e are not trying to create these little learning robots. For years, that鈥檚 what we thought schools were meant to do. The years that I spent teaching kinder, I used to wonder why the wonderful things I was doing in the classroom were engaging some children but not others,鈥� Dr Cronin says.

鈥淚 realised that I wasn鈥檛 making a connection to those children when they came to school. I needed to make connections to each child on an individual level, to find out about their interests, what they know and can do when they arrive at school.

鈥淭ransitioning to the school environment is about developing that relationship, having an extended period of time where teachers really get to know the children, find out about their interests and their families. That helps to inform us to develop our programs to make sense for all children, not just a few.鈥�

That transition to school is vital, Dr Cronin says, as it can often determine the relationship a child will have with education moving forward. About 10 years ago, she says, schools began to ramp up their transition programs to ensure children had ample time to adjust to their new environment and the new expectations, but also to figure out the minutiae of the day to day life of being a kindergarten kid.

鈥淭hat time is really important to ensure that children have a positive start and are confident in what they are able to do, but also in what they are being asked to do in the classroom.鈥� - Dr Cronin

鈥淪chools now think about including play and age appropriate learning experiences into the transition, and getting to know the children and their families well, before they launch into formal teaching.鈥�

There can also be a gender divide 鈥� generally speaking, of course, boys are sometimes more active than girls, who often find it easier to sit quietly and focus in the earlier years. But, Dr Cronin says, schools have begun to take this into account when helping students transition to the classroom, with more opportunities for physical play activities to bridge the gap between preschool and primary school.

鈥淪chool doesn鈥檛 necessarily suit some children, in being constricted in classrooms. We know more now about how important physical play is as children start school so teachers are mindful of that. We need to provide lots of different experiences and different ways of learning, particularly at the start, to set them up to succeed.鈥�

 Dr Cronin says that parents have an big role to play in easing the anxiety that can come with the transition to big schoool. 

鈥淧arents need to be really positive with their children about starting school,鈥� she says. 鈥淚t is really important for schools to take that transition slowly and to create strong relationships for children to develop a sense of belonging.

鈥淧arents can develop relationships with their school community, with the teachers and with other parents. It shows the children that school is important to their parents.鈥�

On an academic level, Dr Cronin says that school readiness is actually not dependent on a child鈥檚 literacy and numeracy skills.

鈥淭he reality is that children come to kindergarten with very different skills across a range of things,鈥� she says. 鈥淚n my experience, I鈥檝e realised that over time, things like literacy and numeracy even out among the children. That is what they are going to school for.

鈥淚f you have a child who comes to school and they鈥檝e started to learn to read, we can help them to develop those skills. But if we push children too early, those who are not ready to take that on board, we can cause more problems for the child鈥檚 learning and development. They may view themselves as not capable and this may have long term effects on their self-concept as a learner."

There is no hard and fast checklist for school readiness, but Dr Cronin says in addition to talking to early childhood educators, there are skills that parents can keep in mind when deciding whether to send their child to school.

鈥淕enerally, we think about children being interested in school, wanting to go to school, or having friends that go to school.

鈥淐hildren who have a good disposition for learning, who like to explore and ask questions, and able to sit for periods of time.

鈥淏eing able to interact socially with others, converse with adults, and follow directions are all really helpful. But there are other simple skills that teachers like to have in place, such as knowing when they鈥檙e hot and when to take their jumper off.鈥�

At the same time, choosing to keep a child back by a year, because of their age, can also create challenges.

鈥淛ust because a child is on the younger side does not mean that holding them back is going to be beneficial. If you hold them back to develop certain skills that you think they need, they might not necessarily develop those skills, but in a supportive school environment they will.

鈥淵ou have to look at the individual child and the needs of the family. If it is really important for the family鈥檚 wellbeing, the school will be ready for that child.鈥�